Shortcuts in Ubuntu

These are the keyboard shortcuts available for Ubuntu.

General keyboard shortcuts

Ctrl + A = Select all
Ctrl + C = Copy the highlighted content to clipboard
Ctrl + V = Paste the clipboard content
Ctrl + N = New (Create a new document, not in terminal)
Ctrl + O = Open a document
Ctrl + S = Save the current document
Ctrl + P = Print the current document
Ctrl + W = Close the close document
Ctrl + Q = Quit the current application

Keyboard shortcuts for GNOME desktop

Ctrl + Alt + F1 = Switch to the first virtual terminal
Ctrl + Alt + F2(F3)(F4)(F5)(F6) = Select the different virtual terminals
Ctrl + Alt + F7 = Restore back to the current terminal session with X
Ctrl + Alt + Backspace = Restart GNOME
Alt + Tab = Switch between open programs
Ctrl + Alt + L = Lock the screen.
Alt + F1 = opens the Applications menu
Alt + F2 = opens the Run Application dialog box.
Alt + F3 = opens the Deskbar Applet
Alt + F4 = closes the current window.
Alt + F5 = unmaximizes the current window.
Alt + F7 = move the current window
Alt + F8 = resizes the current window.
Alt + F9 = minimizes the current window.
Alt + F10 =  maximizes the current window.
Alt + Space = opens the window menu.
Ctrl + Alt + + = Switch to next X resolution
Ctrl + Alt + – = Switch to previous X resolution
Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right = move to the next/previous workspace

Keyboard shortcuts for Terminal

Ctrl + A = Move cursor to beginning of line
Ctrl + E = Move cursor to end of line
Ctrl + C = kills the current process.
Ctrl + Z = sends the current process to the background.
Ctrl + D = logs you out.
Ctrl + R = finds the last command matching the entered letters.
Enter a letter, followed by Tab + Tab = lists the available commands beginning with those letters.
Ctrl + U = deletes the current line.
Ctrl + K = deletes the command from the cursor right.
Ctrl + W = deletes the word before the cursor.
Ctrl + L = clears the terminal output
Shift + Ctrl + C = copy the highlighted command to the clipboard.
Shift + Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert) = pastes the contents of the clipboard.
Alt + F = moves forward one word.
Alt + B = moves backward one word.
Arrow Up/Down = browse command history
Shift + PageUp / PageDown = Scroll terminal output

Keyboard shortcuts for Compiz

Alt + Tab = switch between open windows
Win + Tab = switch between open windows with Shift Switcher or Ring Switcher effect
Win + E = Expo, show all workspace
Ctrl + Alt + Down = Film Effect
Ctrl + Alt + Left mouse button = Rotate Desktop Cube
Alt + Shift + Up = Scale Windows
Ctrl + Alt + D = Show Desktop
Win + Left mouse button = take screenshot on selected area
Win + Mousewheel = Zoom In/Out
Alt + Mousewheel = Transparent Window
Alt + F8 = Resize Window
Alt + F7 = Move Window
Win + P = Add Helper
F9 = show widget layer
Shift + F9 = show water effects
Win + Shift + Left mouse button = Fire Effects
Win + Shift + C = Clear Fire Effects
Win + Left mouse button = Annotate: Draw
Win + 1 = Start annotation
Win + 3 = End annotation
Win + S = selects windows for grouping
Win + T = Group Windows together
Win + U = Ungroup Windows
Win + Left/Right = Flip Windows

Keyboard shortcut for Nautilus

Shift + Ctrl + N = Create New Folder
Ctrl + T = Delete selected file(s) to trash
Alt + ENTER = Show File/Folder Properties
Ctrl + 1 = Toggle View As Icons
Ctrl + 2 = Toggle View As List
Shift + Right = Open Directory (Only in List View)
Shift + Left = Close Directory (Only in List View)
Ctrl + S = Select Pattern
F2 = Rename File
Ctrl + A = Select all files and folders
Ctrl + W = Close Window
Ctrl + Shift + W = Close All Nautilus Windows
Ctrl + R = Reload Nautilus Window
Alt + Up = Open parent directory
Alt + Left = Back
Alt + Right = Forward
Alt + Home = go to Home folder
Ctrl + L = go to location bar
F9 = Show sidepane
Ctrl + H = Show Hidden Files
Ctrl + + = Zoom In
Ctrl + – = Zoom Out
Ctrl + 0 = Normal Size

Setting an Image as wallpaper directly from Internet in Ubuntu

It is easy to set an image as wallpaper which is downloaded from internet.

• No need to open a browser and save as image and set it as wallpaper.
• On startup, the image will be there as wallpaper directly from URL.

This is my code. Save it as shell script format (.sh). Add this script to your startup applications.

!/bin/bash echo "Open Change Wallpaper" 
cd .. 
rm /usr/share/backgrounds/(your default wallpaper).jpg
cd /usr/share/backgrounds
wget http://xxx/xxx.jpg
mv /usr/share/backgrounds/xxx.jpg /usr/share/backgrounds/xxx.jpg
mogrify -crop 1660x976+4+1972 xxx.jpg
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:///usr/share/backgrounds/xxx.jpg
echo "Done change wallpaper"

Cropping image is an option. My image is too large and i want particular potion of the image as wallpaper so i choose mogrify. If you want then follow these steps.
* Install mogrify
* Open an image in GIMP.
* Using the Rectangle Select Tool (hotkey “R”), select the area you want to be cropped.
* Note the X, Y, Width and Height values GIMP gives you (have a look at the picture, you can find them in the GIMP main window).

mogrify -crop {Width}x{Height}+{X}+{Y} image.png
[xxx@localhost ~]$ mogrify -crop 643×393+7+83 image.png

Dual boot Windows 7/8/10 and Ubuntu 16.04

Credit: Stephen Mottershead

How to Install JAVA 8 (JDK 8u66) on Ubuntu & LinuxMint Via PPA

Oracle JAVA 8 Stable release has been released on Mar,18 2014 and available to download and install on official download page. Oracle Java PPA for Ubuntu and LinuxMint is being maintained by Webupd8 Team. JAVA 8 is released with many of new features and security updates, read more about whats new in Oracle Java 8.

This article will help you to Install Oracle JAVA 8 (JDK/JRE 8u66) on Ubuntu 15.10, 14.04 LTS, 12.04 LTS and 10.04 and LinuxMint systems using PPA. To Install Java 8 in CentOS, Redhat and Fedora read This Article.

Installing Java 8 on Ubuntu

First you need to add webupd8team Java PPA repository in your system and install Oracle Java 8 using following set of commands.

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Verify Installed Java Version

After successfully installing oracle Java using above step verify installed version using following command.

mp@system1:~$ java -version

java version "1.8.0_66"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_66-b17)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.66-b17, mixed mode)

Configuring Java Environment

In Webupd8 ppa repository also providing a package to set environment variables, Install this package using following command.

$ sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default 

References:
https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/java